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嵌入式系统的定义与发展史

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发表于 2008-10-9 05:45:06 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
< align=center><SPAN id=s2></SPAN><FONT size=3><STRONG></STRONG></FONT>&nbsp;</P><P align=center><FONT size=3><STRONG>嵌入式系统的定义与发展史</STRONG></FONT></P><P align=center><SPAN>何立民</SPAN></P><DIV><DIV id=br2_c style="HEIGHT: 300px"><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">目前,在嵌入式系统应用领域中,不少人对什么是嵌入式系统不甚了解。有些人搞了十多年的单片机应用,不知道单片机就是一个最典型的嵌入式系统;也有些人在解释什么是嵌入式系统时,不是从定义出发,而是列举了嵌入式系统的一些特点,往往不知所云。因此,有必要从现代计算的发展历史,了解嵌入式系统的由来,从学科建设的角度来探讨嵌入式系统较为准确的定义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1 </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">现代计算机的技术发展史</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(1) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">始于微型机时代的嵌入式应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>电子数字计算机诞生于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1946</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年,在其后漫长的历史进程中,计算机始终是供养在特殊的机房中,实现数值计算的大型昂贵设备。直到</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>世纪</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">70</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年代,微处理器的出现,计算机才出现了历史性的变化。以微处理器为核心的微型计算机以其小型、价廉、高可靠性特点,迅速走出机房;基于高速数值解算能力的微型机,表现出的智能化水平引起了控制专业人士的兴趣,要求将微型机嵌入到一个对象体系中,实现对象体系的智能化控制。例如,将微型计算机经电气加固、机械加固,并配置各种外围接口电路,安装到大型舰船中构成自动驾驶仪或轮机状态监测系统。这样一来,计算机便失去了原来的形态与通用的计算机功能。为了区别于原有的通用计算机系统,把嵌入到对象体系中,实现对象体系智能化控制的计算机,称作嵌入式计算机系统。因此,嵌入式系统诞生于微型机时代,嵌入式系统的嵌入性本质是将一个计算机嵌入到一个对象体系中去,这些是理解嵌入式系统的基本出发点。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(2) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">现代计算机技术的两大分支</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">由于嵌入式计算机系统要嵌入到对象体系中,实现的是对象的智能化控制,因此,它有着与通用计算机系统完全不同的技术要求与技术发展方向。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>通用计算机系统的技术要求是高速、海量的数值计算;技术发展方向是总线速度的无限提升,存储容量的无限扩大。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>而嵌入式计算机系统的技术要求则是对象的智能化控制能力;技术发展方向是与对象系统密切相关的嵌入性能、控制能力与控制的可靠性。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>早期,人们勉为其难地将通用计算机系统进行改装,在大型设备中实现嵌入式应用。然而,对于众多的对象系统(如家用电器、仪器仪表、工控单元</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">……</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">),无法嵌入通用计算机系统,况且嵌入式系统与通用计算机系统的技术发展方向完全不同,因此,必须独立地发展通用计算机系统与嵌入式计算机系统,这就形成了现代计算机技术发展的两大分支。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>如果说微型机的出现,使计算机进入到现代计算机发展阶段,那么嵌入式计算机系统的诞生,则标志了计算机进入了通用计算机系统与嵌入式计算机系统两大分支并行发展时代,从而导致</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>世纪末,计算机的高速发展时期。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(3) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">两大分支发展的里程碑事件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>通用计算机系统与嵌入式计算机系统的专业化分工发展,导致</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>世纪末、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">21</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>世纪初,计算机技术的飞速发展。计算机专业领域集中精力发展通用计算机系统的软、硬件技术,不必兼顾嵌入式应用要求,通用微处理器迅速从</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">286</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">386</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">486</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">到奔腾系列;操作系统则迅速扩张计算机基于高速海量的数据文件处理能力,使通用计算机系统进入到尽善尽美阶段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式计算机系统则走上了一条完全不同的道路,这条独立发展的道路就是单芯片化道路。它动员了原有的传统电子系统领域的厂家与专业人士,接过起源于计算机领域的嵌入式系统,承担起发展与普及嵌入式系统的历史任务,迅速地将传统的电子系统发展到智能化的现代电子系统时代。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">因此,现代计算机技术发展的两大分支的里程碑意义在于:它不仅形成了计算机发展的专业化分工,而且将发展计算机技术的任务扩展到传统的电子系统领域,使计算机成为进入人类社会全面智能化时代的有力工具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2 </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的定义与特点</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">如果我们了解了嵌入式(计算机)系统的由来与发展,对嵌入式系统就不会产生过多的误解,而能历史地、本质地、普遍适用地定义嵌入式系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(1) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的定义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>按照历史性、本质性、普遍性要求,嵌入式系统应定义为:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入到对象体系中的专用计算机系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入性</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>专用性</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>计算机系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">是嵌入式系统的三个基本要素。对象系统则是指嵌入式系统所嵌入的宿主系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(2) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的特点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">?? </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的特点与定义不同,它是由定义中的三个基本要素衍生出来的。不同的嵌入式系统其特点会有所差异。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入性</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>的相关特点:由于是嵌入到对象系统中,必须满足对象系统的环境要求,如物理环境(小型)、电气</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">/</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">气氛环境(可靠)、成本(价廉)等要求。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>专用性</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的相关特点:软、硬件的裁剪性;满足对象要求的最小软、硬件配置等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>计算机系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的相关特点:嵌入式系统必须是能满足对象系统控制要求的计算机系统。与上两个特点相呼应,这样的计算机必须配置有与对象系统相适应的接口电路。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>另外,在理解嵌入式系统定义时,不要与嵌入式设备相混淆。嵌入式设备是指内部有嵌入式系统的产品、设备,例如,内含单片机的家用电器、仪器仪表、工控单元、机器人、手机、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PDA</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(3) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的种类与发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>按照上述嵌入式系统的定义,只要满足定义中三要素的计算机系统,都可称为嵌入式系统。嵌入式系统按形态可分为设备级(工控机)、板级(单板、模块)、芯片级(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">SoC</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">有些人把嵌入式处理器当作嵌入式系统,但由于嵌入式系统是一个嵌入式计算机系统,因此,只有将嵌入式处理器构成一个计算机系统,并作为嵌入式应用时,这样的计算机系统才可称作嵌入式系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入式系统与对象系统密切相关,其主要技术发展方向是满足嵌入式应用要求,不断扩展对象系统要求的外围电路(如</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ADC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">DAC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PWM</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、日历时钟、电源监测、程序运行监测电路等),形成满足对象系统要求的应用系统。因此,嵌入式系统作为一个专用计算机系统,要不断向计算机应用系统发展。因此,可以把定义中的专用计算机系统引伸成,满足对象系统要求的计算机应用系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">3 </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的独立发展道路</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(1) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">单片机开创了嵌入式系统独立发展道路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统虽然起源于微型计算机时代,然而,微型计算机的体积、价位、可靠性都无法满足广大对象系统的嵌入式应用要求,因此,嵌入式系统必须走独立发展道路。这条道路就是芯片化道路。将计算机做在一个芯片上,从而开创了嵌入式系统独立发展的单片机时代。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>在探索单片机的发展道路时,有过两种模式,即</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“Σ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>模式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>创新模式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“Σ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>模式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>本质上是通用计算机直接芯片化的模式,它将通用计算机系统中的基本单元进行裁剪后,集成在一个芯片上,构成单片微型计算机;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>创新模式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>则完全按嵌入式应用要求设计全新的,满足嵌入式应用要求的体系结构、微处理器、指令系统、总线方式、管理模式等。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Intel</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>公司的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCS-48</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCS-51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>就是按照创新模式发展起来的单片形态的嵌入式系统(单片微型计算机)。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCS-51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>是在</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCS-48</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>探索基础上,进行全面完善的嵌入式系统。历史证明,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>创新模式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>是嵌入式系统独立发展的正确道路,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCS-51</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的体系结构也因此成为单片嵌入式系统的典型结构体系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(2) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">单片机的技术发展史</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>单片机诞生于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>世纪</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">70</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年代末,经历了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">SCM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">SoC</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">三大阶段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??SCM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>即单片微型计算机(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Single Chip Microcomputer</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>)阶段,主要是寻求最佳的单片形态嵌入式系统的最佳体系结构。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>创新模式</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>获得成功,奠定了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">SCM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与通用计算机完全不同的发展道路。在开创嵌入式系统独立发展道路上,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Intel</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">公司功不可没。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>即微控制器(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Micro Controller Unit</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>)阶段,主要的技术发展方向是:不断扩展满足嵌入式应用时,对象系统要求的各种外围电路与接口电路,突显其对象的智能化控制能力。它所涉及的领域都与对象系统相关,因此,发展</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>的重任不可避免地落在电气、电子技术厂家。从这一角度来看,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Intel</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>逐渐淡出</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>的发展也有其客观因素。在发展</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>方面,最著名的厂家当数</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Philips</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">公司。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??Philips</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>公司以其在嵌入式应用方面的巨大优势,将</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCS-51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>从单片微型计算机迅速发展到微控制器。因此,当我们回顾嵌入式系统发展道路时,不要忘记</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Intel</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>和</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Philips</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的历史功绩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>单片机是嵌入式系统的独立发展之路,向</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MCU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>阶段发展的重要因素,就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决;因此,专用单片机的发展自然形成了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">SoC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>化趋势。随着微电子技术、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">IC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>设计、</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">EDA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>工具的发展,基于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">SoC</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的发展。因此,对单片机的理解可以从单片微型计算机、单片微控制器延伸到单片应用系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4 </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的两种应用模式</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统的嵌入式应用特点,决定了它的多学科交叉特点。作为计算机的内含,要求计算机领域人员介入其体系结构、软件技术、工程应用方面的研究。然而,了解对象系统的控制要求,实现系统控制模式必须具备对象领域的专业知识。因此,从嵌入式系统发展的历史过程,以及嵌入式应用的多样性中,可以了解到客观上形成的两种应用模式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(1) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">客观存在的两种应用模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式计算机系统起源于微型机时代,但很快就进入到独立发展的单片机时代。在单片机时代,嵌入式系统以器件形态迅速进入到传统电子技术领域中,以电子技术应用工程师为主体,实现传统电子系统的智能化,而计算机专业队伍并没有真正进入单片机应用领域。因此,电子技术应用工程师以自己习惯性的电子技术应用模式,从事单片机的应用开发。这种应用模式最重要的特点是:软、硬件的底层性和随意性;对象系统专业技术的密切相关性;缺少计算机工程设计方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>虽然在单片机时代,计算机专业淡出了嵌入式系统领域,但随着后</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PC</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">时代的到来,网络、通信技术得以发展;同时,嵌入式系统软、硬件技术有了很大的提升,为计算机专业人士介入嵌入式系统应用开辟了广阔天地。计算机专业人士的介入,形成的计算机应用模式带有明显的计算机的工程应用特点,即基于嵌入式系统软、硬件平台,以网络、通信为主的非嵌入式底层应用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(2) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">两种应用模式的并存与互补</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>由于嵌入式系统最大、最广、最底层的应用是传统电子技术领域的智能化改造,因此,以通晓对象专业的电子技术队伍为主,用最少的嵌入式系统软、硬件开销,以</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">8</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">位机为主,带有浓重的电子系统设计色彩的电子系统应用模式会长期存在下去。另外,计算机专业人士会愈来愈多地介入嵌入式系统应用,但囿于对象专业知识的隔阂,其应用领域会集中在网络、通信、多媒体、商务电子等方面,不可能替代原来电子工程师在控制、仪器仪表、机械电子等方面的嵌入式应用。因此,客观存在的两种应用模式会长期并存下去,在不同的领域中相互补充。电子系统设计模式应从计算机应用设计模式中,学习计算机工程方法和嵌入式系统软件技术;计算机应用设计模式应从电子系统设计模式中,了解嵌入式系统应用的电路系统特性、基本的外围电路设计方法和对象系统的基本要求等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(3) </SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">嵌入式系统应用的高低端</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">??</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>由于嵌入式系统有过很长的一段单片机的独立发展道路,大多是基于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>位单片机,实现最底层的嵌入式系统应用,带有明显的电子系统设计模式特点。大多数从事单片机应用开发人员,都是对象系统领域中的电子系统工程师,加之单片机的出现,立即脱离了计算机专业领域,以</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>智能化</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>器件身份进入电子系统领域,没有带入</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入式系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>概念。因此,不少从事单片机应用的人,不了解单片机与嵌入式系统的关系,在谈到</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入式系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>领域时,往往理解成计算机专业领域的,基于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">32</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>位嵌入式处理器,从事网络、通信、多媒体等的应用。这样,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>单片机</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入式系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>形成了嵌入式系统中常见的两个独立的名词。但由于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>单片机</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>是典型的、独立发展起来的嵌入式系统,从学科建设的角度出发,应该把它统一成</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>嵌入式系统</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>。考虑到原来单片机的电子系统底层应用特点,可以把嵌入式系统应用分成高端与低端,把原来的单片机应用理解成嵌入式系统的低端应用,含义为它的底层性以及与对象系统的紧耦合。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #09375d; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>

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发表于 2008-10-15 05:29:26 | 只看该作者

Re:嵌入式系统的定义与发展史

何教授的文章,DEMON的贴,不得不顶。顶之。
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