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实用,经典的单片机编程要点[4]

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发表于 2008-9-24 17:54:28 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG>讨论两个内容:1.<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG>静态变量(static)</STRONG></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">可变</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">变量(<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">volatile</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">这两个关键字用好事半功倍.他们有什么作用,怎么用,要注意什么,请看下文:</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><STRONG>静态变量(static)</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">使用静态有二个主要功能:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">第一个最常用的用法是定义一个变量,在函数连续调用期间,变量不会消失。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">第二个使用静态的用法是限制变量的范围。在模块级定义时,能被整个模块中所有函数访问,不能被其它函数访问。这非常重要,因为当严格限制全局变量众所周知的问题时,它让我们获得所有全局变量执行性能的好处。因此,如果我们有必须被一些函数频繁访问的数据结构,就应当将函数放入同一模块中,并将结构声明为静态。这样所有函数能够访问而不必通过一个访问函数的上层,同时与数据结构无关的代码禁止访问它。这一技术是一种变通方法,立即可访问变量在小的机器上实质上取得了足够的性能。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">声明模块级静态变量(与将其设为全局相反)能取得一些其他潜在的益处。静态变量由于定义,只能被一组特定的函数访问。因此,编译器和连接器能够明智地选择变量在存贮空间的放置。例如,对于静态变量,编译器</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">连接器也许选择将一个模块中所有静态变量放在连续的区域,这样增加了各种优化机会,例如用简单的增加或减少代替重载。相反,全局变量在存贮空间的位置通常计划于优化编译器的哈稀算法,这排除了可能的优化。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">须着重指出</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">, </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">这些变量不会存贮在堆栈中,因为它们必须保存其值。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">下面给出一个静态变量怎样工作的例子:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">FILE1.c<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">#include &lt;FILE2.h&gt;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">包含文件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">FILE2.c<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 120pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 10.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中的函数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">void main (void){<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue">//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">第一次进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue">MyFunction</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">之前,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue">myVar=0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">MyFunction();<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">FILE2.c</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue">//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">第二次进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue">MyFunction</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">之前,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue">myVar=1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">MyFunction();<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">FILE2.c</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">FILE2.c<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">void MyFunction (void){<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>//FILE2.C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中定义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 132pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 11.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">//MyFunction</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">函数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">static char myVar = 0;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">本地变量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 120pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 10.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">声明为</SPAN><B><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">static</SPAN></I></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">myVar = myVar + 1;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">尽管</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">myVar</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">是本地变量,但它保持了自己的值。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">静态函数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">一个静态函数只能被其所在模块中的其它函数调用。使用静态函数是结构化编程的好习惯。你也许惊讶地知道静态函数能产生小</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">快的代码。这是可能的,因为编译器在编译时确切地知道什么函数能调用一个给定的静态函数。因此,函数的相关内存区域能被调整,以致使用调用的一个短版本或跳转指令。潜在的改进甚至更好,编译器足够聪明地用跳转代替调用。</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">关键字</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">static</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的使用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在函数体声明静态的变量,在函数调用期间保持其质;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在模块内声明静态的变量,(但在函数体之外)能被模块内所有函数访问;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在模块内声明静态的函数,只能被模块内其它函数调用。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">对于嵌入式系统:封装持续生存的数据(包装);模块化编码(数据隐藏);在每个模块中隐藏内部处理</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">**************************************************************************************************</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">**************************************************************************************************</SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">**************************************************************************************************</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">可变(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">)变量</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">可变变量是其值在正常程序流程以外可能改变的变量。在嵌入式系统中,这种情况通过两种主要途径发生:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">通过一个中断服务程序,或作为硬件动作的结果。例如,通过一个串口接收到一个字符,结果串口状态寄存器更新,这完全在程序流程之外发生。很多程序员知道编译器不会试图优化一个</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">寄存器,而宁可每次重载它。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在嵌入式设备中,将所有外设寄存器声明为</SPAN><B><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN></I></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">是一个好习惯。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">许多编译器供应商经常炫耀他们的代码优化,它们通常非常好,它们有些根本不明显,但能极大地减少周期和内存。但有时我们不想编译器聪明和优化一个部份,因为我们确实需要代码那样作。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">我们怎样才能达到呢?那么,访问定义为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的变量从不会被编译器优化。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">让我们分析一个例子</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">看看编译器是怎样处理一个</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">和一个非</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">变量…</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PORTA @0x00;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char SCS1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x16;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">unsigned char value;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">void main(void){<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PORTA = 0x05;<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>/* PORTA = 00000101 */<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">PORTA = 0x05;<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>/* PORTA = 00000101 */<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">SCS1;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">value = 10;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">未使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">关键字,编译器将其编译为:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES">MOV<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>#5,PORTA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES">LDA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>#10<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES">STA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@value<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">关键字后</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">编译器将其编译为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES">MOV<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>#5,PORTA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES">MOV<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>#5,PORTA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES">LDA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>SCS1<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">LDX<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>#10<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">STX<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@value<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=ES style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">这段代码实际上不做任何事</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">但它很好地表达了优化怎样强烈地影响程序的结果。在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">main()</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">中连续两次使用语句:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">PORTA=5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,这没有意义,但让我们假设这是正确开发程序所必须的…在这两个语句之后,明显地有一条无意义语句</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。让我们看当不使用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">变量会发生什么…</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">我们得到了优化过的汇编代码。重复的语句</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">Port A = 5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">消失了只剩下一句</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">move #5 to Port A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。语句</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">似乎什么都不做,因此聪明的编译器将它消去了。最后,将</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">加载到累加器并作为值存贮。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">使用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">关键字声明</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">PORTA </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">得到的汇编代码没有优化,连续两次在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">Port A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">写入数值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,然后将</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">加载到累加器。最后由于累加器被使用,于是用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">X</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">寄存器存贮数值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">好了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">连续两次用数值</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">写</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">PortA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,假设这是需要这样做,但是加载</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">到累加器有一个很有意义的值。这是串行通信接口</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCI</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">需要的,读</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">寄存器目的是清除任何未决的标志。无意义的语句</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCS1;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">被翻译为读寄存器的的汇编语句,这将清除</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">SCI</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">中未决的标志。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在嵌入式设备中将所有外设寄存器声明为</SPAN><B><I><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN></I></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">是一个好习惯。在分开的头文件中定义所有外设的名字,能使所写代码更友好并使迁移简化。下面这个例子用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">volatile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">变量声明所有寄存器,这样做较妥当,因为任何这些寄存器能在任何时候在程序流程之外被修改。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">/* MC68HC908GP20/32<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Official Peripheral Register Names */<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PORTA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0000; /* Ports and data direction */<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PORTB<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0001;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PORTC<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0002;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PORTD<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0003;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PORTE<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0008;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char DDRA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0004; /* Data Direction Registers */<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char DDRB<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0005;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char DDRC<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0006;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char DDRD<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x0007;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char DDRE<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="C" SourceValue="0" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">000C</st1:chmetcnv>;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PTAPUE<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x000D; /* Port pull-up enables */<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PTCPUE<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x000E;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 59.55pt; tab-stops: 110.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">volatile unsigned char PTDPUE<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>@0x<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="F" SourceValue="0" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">000F</st1:chmetcnv>;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P>&nbsp;</P>

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发表于 2008-9-27 06:47:43 | 只看该作者
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发表于 2009-3-15 18:15:13 | 只看该作者
顶~~
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常驻嘉宾

我爱雯婕

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发表于 2009-4-10 13:32:45 | 只看该作者
看样子有点难喔
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发表于 2009-4-11 23:52:57 | 只看该作者
好东西呀!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
呵呵
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发表于 2009-4-11 23:53:04 | 只看该作者
好东西呀!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
呵呵
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发表于 2009-4-30 11:22:53 | 只看该作者
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发表于 2010-1-6 18:25:40 | 只看该作者
谢谢分享
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发表于 2010-1-21 18:35:55 | 只看该作者
学习了!!!!
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发表于 2011-4-21 18:56:42 | 只看该作者
学习了!!!
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